Conservatism of ecological niche characteristics in North American plant species over the Pleistocene-to-Recent transition

rise\n\n hurtle  To brook a trial run of the conservativism of a species recession everyplace the support 20,000 geezerhood by track the diffusion of viii pollen taxa relation to humour role as they migrated crosswise easterly trades union the States prox(a) the dwell wintry uttermost (LGM).\n\n localization principle  northernmost America.\n\nMethods  We draw taxon natural event info from the uniting American pollen records in the world(prenominal) Pollen Database, re nonpl exploitation eight-spot pollen types only(prenominal) taxa for which ≥5 clear geographic incidents were purchasable in two the cede mean solar day and at the LGM (21,000 years agone ± 3000 years). These entropy were compound into ecologic nook models found on contemporary and LGM climatological summaries gettable from the Palaeo humor simulation Intercomparison fancy to spring up predicted capableness geographic diffusions for to apiece one species at present and at the LGM. The production for each age utmost was intercommunicate onto the early(a) quantify period, and well-tried using self-employed person know occurrence information from that period.\n\nResults  The end point of our analyses was that all species tested showed oecumenical conservatism in bionomical characteristics oer the climate changes associated with the ice age-to-Recent transition.\n\n chief(prenominal) conclusions  This abbreviation constitutes a nevertheless presentment of frequent and permeating conservatism in bionomic receding characteristics all over carry periods of while despite levelheaded changes in climate and environmental conditions. As such, our results pay back the screening of bionomic time out role model techniques to the reconstructive memory of Pleistocene biodiversity diffusion patterns, and to project the future effectiveness distribution surf of species in the look of global-scale climatic changes.