According to National Institute of Health

According to National instal of Health (NIH) (2006), Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( aid) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (human immunodeficiency virus) by gradually destroying CD4+ T cells (also called T-helper cells), which play a significant role in the insubordinate reception system.In a healthy subject the CD4+ T cells range between 800 to 1,200 cells/mm3 still when this count waterfall below 200 cells/mm3, the individual is most penetrable to opportunistic transmittances and cancers normal of help.From the above it is evident that body has its own appliance to prevent infections i.e., immune response system comprising of CD4+ T cells which be actually attacked by HIV systematically destroying the CD4+ T cells. These cells are active in fighting back infections attacking the body, thus once their count falls abnormally the body is vulnerable to the so called opportunistic infections which are typical of AIDS.Grant and Cock (2001) stated that general sym ptoms in the early stages involve passing game of weight, fever, sweating during nights, diarrhea and frequent skin disorders especially of varicella zoster, fungous infections and pruriginous dermatitis leading to itchy rashes resulting into ulcerations and healing with pigmented macules.However the expanded definition of AIDS states that in addition to the above menti 1d symptoms an individual is stated to be measly from AIDS if the test for HIV antibody gives a positive result subject to oneness or more of the following conditions Weight loss of more than 10% Cryptococcal meningitis Pulmonary or extra pulmonary tuberculosis Kaposis Sarcoma neurologic impairment sufficient to prevent independent daily activities. Candidiasis of the esophagus and oral region accompanied by dysphagia Recurrent episodes of pneumonia with or without aetiological confirmation Invasive cervical cancerCandidiasis of the oesophagus and oral region is caused to infection by fungus in immunocompromis ed patients such as those suffering from AIDS and gradually no medication may be effective in future itinerary of time ultimately leading to loss of relish and weight.Cryptococcal meningitis is infection of the forefront and is due to spread of fungus from lungs to the brain through agate line circulation. People who have defects in their cell-mediated immunity such those suffering from AIDS, are susceptible to disseminated cryptococcosis. Cryptococcal meningitis is fatal. The fungus infects the nervous system do inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.The more frequent probable causes of HIV related diseases include cerebral toxoplasmosis and cryptococcal meningitis, cerebral toxoplasmosis most often presents as a home occupying lesion of the brain, and cryptococcosis as chronic meningitis thus brain sterilises effected in concomitant and nervous system in general.One of the important opportunistic infections includes tuberculosis and may be detect ed at any stage in the course of immunodeficiency. Pulmonary tuberculosis is similar to non-HIV infected subjects in the initial stages of HIV infection, but the advanced stages of immunodeficiency exhibit disseminated and multibacillary nature of tuberculosis thus causing extensive damage to lungs in general and pulmonary system in particular.Pneumonia is an acute or chronic inflammation of lungs caused due to infection caused by a bacteria, virus or fungus. Patients suffering from AIDS easily get affected by opportunistic infections causing pneumocystis pneumonia or cytomegalovirus pneumonia.People suffering from AIDS are infected by various types of pneumonia affecting the lungs and respiratory system, thus respiratory system gets seriously affected along with the immune system.Kaposis Sarcoma is cancer of skin, mucous membranes and blood vessels. Kaposis Sarcoma is characterized by shed blood at different sites on patients skin with the administration of round or elliptical le sions about quarter inch to one inch in size.